Understand and modify user and group permissions and ownership.

Context: Generic GNU/Linux certification command examples.

Understand and modify user and group permissions and ownership.

To understand and modify user and group permissions and ownership in a GNU/Linux system, you can use various commands and utilities. Here are some examples:

1. View file/directory permissions and ownership:

This command will display the permissions, ownership, and other details of the specified file or directory.

2. Change ownership of a file/directory:

Replace new_owner with the desired owner of the file or directory, and file_or_directory with the path to the file or directory.

3. Change group ownership of a file/directory:

Replace new_group with the desired group owner of the file or directory.

4. Change permissions using octal notation:

This example sets the file's permissions to read, write, and execute for the owner, and read and execute for the group and others. Replace file_or_directory with the path to the file or directory you want to modify.

5. Change permissions using symbolic notation:

This example grants read and write permissions to the user, read permissions to the group, and read permissions to others. Replace file_or_directory with the path to the file or directory you want to modify.

6. Modify permissions recursively:

The -R option ensures that permissions are modified recursively for all files and subdirectories within the specified directory.

Note: Modifying permissions and ownership requires appropriate privileges. Make sure to execute these commands with root/administrator privileges or use the sudo command if necessary.